Hard ends

1. Use a pusher to offset radial thrust on calender stack.
2. Ensure that correct use is made of the cooling air at calender.
3. Make certain that steam distribution is not one-sided on steam rolls.
— ensure that there is a free exit for steam roll condensate.
4. Check crown on king roll.
— avoid temptation to use pads on ends of stack.
5. Check exact contour of rolls after grinding.
— for example, swimming rolls ground in their own bearings can be over-ground at the edges, resulting in a hard end.
6. Heavy edges are caused by water skipping over the suction boxes and by crushing under the lump breaker roll.
7. Heavy edges may originate with a poor slice setting.
8. Heavy edge stock may be showing up if water runs too far down the forming fabric.
9. Ragged edges result if a uniform stream of water is not obtained due to plugged or worn squirts.